Optionality
mixed (leaning free) — huge fiscal freedom via the $1.28T PIF + low debt, but the riyal's hard USD peg subordinates monetary policy to the Fed and revenue is oil-price dependent, so freedom is high yet not unconditional.
Sourced figures 1
- Wikipedia — SWF/debt lists + analytical (riyal peg, oil dependence) $1.28T PIF + 31.7% debt (free) vs USD-pegged riyal + oil-revenue dependence (constraints)
the working
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